Various combinations of the systems have been compared and analyzed based on the performance of their technical parameters, costs, the electrical power production of each source, and unmet load. . Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify the best combination of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) to satisfy the load demand in a sustainable and cost-efficient way. The techno-economic study of stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic–wind turbine–diesel–battery-converter energy systems. . Standalone diesel generators have long been the go-to solution for backup and off-grid power needs, offering high power output and reliability. However, rising fuel costs, increasing environmental concerns, and advancements in renewable energy have led to the development of hybrid diesel-solar. . Renewable off-grid electricity supply is one alternative that has gained attention, especially with areas lacking a grid system. It represents the per-unit cost (usually in cents per kilowatt-hour) of building and operating a generating asset over an assumed financial life and duty. . In combination, diesel generators and photovoltaic systems are very well suited to energy supply in areas with an unstable or non-existent mains supply. The additional use of solar energy reduces fuel consumption, which saves costs. This innovative solution is particularly. .
