It achieves this by controlling the cells' charging and discharging processes, providing an accurate estimation of battery parameters such as State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), State of Power (SoP), and Distance to Empty (DTE) indication, which collectively. . It achieves this by controlling the cells' charging and discharging processes, providing an accurate estimation of battery parameters such as State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), State of Power (SoP), and Distance to Empty (DTE) indication, which collectively. . hat monitor and control a battery's operation. The main elements of a typical BMS are the battery monitor and protector, the fuel gauge, a ccuracy of its state-of-charge (SOC) estimation. Errors in SOC estimation may lead to poor battery lifetime and runtime, as well as potentially dangerous. . This paper presents the development of an advanced battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles (EVs), designed to enhance battery performance, safety, and longevity. One of the most important. .