A height difference of at least 0. 5 - 1 meter is recommended to ensure a good flow of water. This height difference creates a pressure difference that drives the water circulation without the need for additional pumps in most cases. . Handoyo and Ichsani obtained the optimal tilt angle of a solar collector to maximize the solar radiation received at Surabaya – Indonesia and found the optimal tilt angle during March 12 - September 30 is varied between 0 and 40° (face to the North) and during October 1 - March 11 is between 0 and. . Solar Collector: Any of a wide range of devices designed to convert solar radiation into heated gasses or liquids, or to produce electrical power. “modules”) consist of a large number of individual cells that convert solar radiation into usable electrical power. The panels (usually rectangular in. . en solar radiation flux is reduced. Employing CPC solar collectors can yield an ef iciency of approxi h temperature of the working fluid. Risk of burns! zDuring installation or an accident, the elements of the collect r and the piping system may be hot. Risk of burns! 4 22. Working fluid. . The height difference between the collector and the storage tank affects the natural convection of water. In a thermosyphon system, which is commonly used in solar water heaters, hot water rises from the collector to the storage tank, and cold water from the tank flows back to the collector. For a. . EPDM UV durable U channel gasket. Extruded silicone grommet 1-1/8" bore Polyisocyanurate closed cell insulation. Foid faced, rigid board. The present research studies the influence of this factor on the criterion of. .