Keep lithium batteries within the ideal temperature range of 15°C to 40°C to ensure safety, maintain performance, and extend lifespan. Use a battery management system (BMS) to monitor temperatures in real time and control cooling or heating to prevent damage and thermal runaway. . For every new 5-MWh lithium-iron phosphate (LFP) energy storage container on the market, one thing is certain: a liquid cooling system will be used for temperature control. BESS manufacturers are forgoing bulky, noisy and energy-sucking HVAC systems for more dependable coolant-based options. An. . This paper comprehensively analyzes the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries, with a specific focus on lithium fluorocarbon batteries. We delve into their operational principles, heat generation mechanisms, and heat transfer mechanisms while establishing a robust thermal mathematical model. Deviations from this range can lead to reduced capacity, accelerated aging, and even safety hazards such as thermal runaway, where temperatures can soar to. . Summary: Temperature control units are critical for optimizing energy storage system efficiency and lifespan. 51 K, and the maximum surface temperature of the DC-DC converter is 339. and to increase the efficiency of rechargeable batteries. An active energy balancing. .