In the voltage inverter, the charge pump capacitor, C1, is charged to the input voltage during the first half of the switching cycle. During the second half of the switching cycle, its voltage is inverted and applied to capacitor C2 and the load. . Unlike the early uses of this circuit, todays high frequency switch mode inverter techniques operate in the tens or hundreds of kilohertz, reducing the value of overall capacitance needed to operate. Still the capacitance can be significant and once charged to the desired output voltage, the stored. . The two most common switched capacitor voltage converters are the voltage inverter and the voltage doublercircuit shown in Figure 4. Pre-charge circuits are often used in electric vehicles (EVs) such as battery management systems, on-board chargers, and. . IGBT Snubber: A device used to protect IGBT switches from overvoltage during turnoff. During turn off, a voltage transient appears across the IGBT that may exceed its voltage rating. The voltage transient is proportional to the amount of stray inductance (L) and the rate in change in current with. . All modern power inverters have a large capacitor bank at their DC input terminals to help provide smooth power conversion from DC to an AC sine wave and back to DC when charging the battery. A circuit used for the resonant charging of one capacitor from another capacitor through an inductor. This form of charging is frequently used in pulsed power and power conditioning circuits in. .