Battery energy storage has become a core component of utility planning, grid reliability, and renewable energy integration. Following a record year in 2024, when more than 10 gigawatts of utility-scale battery storage were installed nationwide, deployment accelerated even further. . In the evolving landscape of global energy infrastructure, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have become essential components in supporting grid stability, renewable energy integration, and critical backup power. As more stakeholders—from utility operators to commercial developers—look to adopt. . But as battery energy storage systems (BESS) become increasingly central to grid reliability, decarbonization goals, and commercial opportunity, the decisions facing developers, utilities, and asset owners are becoming more complex. From system design to market participation, the lifecycle of a. . Explore essential strategies for effective battery storage infrastructure planning and sustainability. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, into the energy grid is becoming increasingly vital in the quest for sustainable power solutions. Central to this integration. . One way to overcome instability in the power supply is by using a battery energy storage system (BESS). Therefore, this study provides a detailed and critical review of sizing and siting optimization of BESS, their application challenges, and a new perspective on the consequence of degradation from. . Across the United States, battery energy storage is rapidly emerging from a niche technology into mainstream grid infrastructure. The growing attractiveness of battery energy storage is driving a transformation fueled by record-setting installations nationwide. The expansion of renewable energy and. .