Non-lithium battery alternatives, such as vanadium flow, non-vanadium flow, and sodium-ion batteries, offer scalable, safer, and more cost-effective solutions for stationary energy storage, despite trade-offs like higher upfront costs or lower energy density. . Our scientists explore the safety and performance of batteries and other renewable energy technologies to lay the foundation for electrochemical energy storage that is reliable, sustainable, and safe. If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. An error occurred while retrieving. . NLR is researching advanced electrochemical energy storage systems, including redox flow batteries and solid-state batteries. Electric vehicle applications require batteries with high energy density and fast-charging capabilities. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are gaining traction for their enhanced safety. . Bromine-based redox flow batteries (Br-FBs) have emerged as a technology for large-scale energy storage, offering notable advantages such as high energy density, a broad electrochemical potential window, cost-effectiveness, and extended cycle life. This review explores the most extensively studied. .