What are the main components of energy storage batteries? Energy storage batteries primarily consist of 1. Electrolytes, 2. Separators. A detailed understanding of these components is critical for grasping how batteries operate and how improvements can be. . There are many different chemistries of batteries used in energy storage systems. For this guide, we focus on lithium-based systems, which dominate over 90% of the market. Cathodes, 4. . A BESS storage system is an integrated energy system that combines batteries, power electronics, control software, and supporting infrastructure to store, convert, and dispatch electrical energy in a controlled and optimized manner. Unlike a battery pack, which only stores energy, a BESS storage. . The battery is the basic building block of an electrical energy storage system. The composition of the battery can be broken into different units as illustrated below.