This paper aims to introduce the working principle, application fields, and future development prospects of liquid flow batteries. Fluid flow battery is an energy storage technology with high scalability and potential for integration with renewable energy. We will delve into its working principle. . This technology strategy assessment on flow batteries, released as part of the Long-Duration Storage Shot, contains the findings from the Storage Innovations (SI) 2030 strategic initiative. The objective of SI 2030 is to develop specific and quantifiable research, development, and deployment (RD&D). . Advances in solid-state, sodium-ion, and flow batteries promise higher energy densities, faster charging, and longer lifespans, enabling electric vehicles to travel farther, microgrids to operate efficiently, and renewable energy to integrate seamlessly into the grid. Next-gen batteries are no. . The liquid flow battery market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for energy storage solutions across various sectors. The market's expansion is fueled by the global transition towards renewable energy sources, necessitating efficient and reliable energy storage. . As variable renewable energy sources surge past 40% of the global electricity mix by 2035, the limitations of lithium-ion batteries are becoming clear. The grid needs scalable, cost-effective long-duration energy storage and flow batteries are emerging as the answer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art progress in FBs from the new perspectives of technological and environmental sustainability, thus guiding the future. .
