Due to the highly interdisciplinary nature of FESSs, we survey different design approaches, choices of subsystems, and the effects on performance, cost, and applications. This review focuses on the state of the art of FESS technologies, especially those commissioned or prototyped. We also. . This article comprehensively reviews the key components of FESSs, including flywheel rotors, motor types, bearing support technologies, and power electronic converter technologies. It also presents the diverse applications of FESSs in different scenarios. In recent national development plans and policies, numerous nation have prioritized sustainable energy storage. To promote sustainable energy use, energy storage systems are being depl indispensable in the energy and power sector. The permanent magnet is utilized in conjunction with the zero-flux coil to provide stable suspension and guidance force for the flywheel. Firstly, the structure and. .
