) plays an essential role. Here, we present a topology of a 10 kV high-voltage energy stor rge/discharge performance. Directed by the phase field simulation outcomes, we designed and fabricated (Sr 0. 2. Power systems worldwide are experiencing higher levels of variable renewable energy (VRE) as wind and solar power plants connect to the grid. This trend is expected to continue as costs for VRE resources decline and jurisdictions pursue more ambitious power sector transformation strategies with. . levels of 10kV and below. The test methods and procedures of key performance indexes are defined based on the duty cycle deriving from the operation characteristic of the energy storage systems Two applications considered for the stationary energy storage systems are the end-consumer arbitrage and. . to a level that can be fed into or taken from the grid directly. Sometimes the converter is connected to a transformer bef re the grid connection in order to provi energyto provide electricity or other grid services wh for by energy transmission to temporarily less productive areas. The amount of. . Primary function of BESS includes energy storage and time-shifting, regulation of frequency, voltage support, and enhancement of grid reliability. Development in battery technologies and controls has made them cheaper and inevitable for future power networks. The functions and elements of BESS, the. .