Advances and future prospects of low-temperature electrolytes for
At temperatures below 0 °C, the performance of LIBs deteriorates significantly. The key chemical reactions within the electrodes and electrolytes slow down, leading to reduced
The optimization of electrochemical energy storage devices (EES) for low-temperature conditions is crucial in light of the growing demand for convenient living in such environments.
Fundamentals and scientific challenges of low-temperature energy storage Extreme low-temperature energy storage refers to the efficient and stable operation of energy storage devices under harsh conditions where ambient temperatures typically fall below −50°C, and in some cases, approach −100°C.
Despite their theoretical potential, research on applying these techniques to extreme low-temperature energy storage remains scarce. Key challenges include the mismatch between the rheological and curing properties of applicable materials and the process parameters during printing .
External heating can substantially elevate the operational temperature of electrochemical energy storage devices, thereby augmenting their electrochemical performance under low-temperature conditions [192, 193].
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