Size, weight, power, and heat affect 5G base station designs
These capabilities provide massive connectivity, multi-gigabit speeds, and single-digit-millisecond latencies that help distinguish 5G from 4G and older generation wireless
Engineers designing 5G base stations must contend with energy use, weight, size, and heat, which impact design decisions. 5G New Radio (NR) uses Multi-User massive-MIMO (MU-MIMO), Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), and beamforming with millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum up to 71 GHz.
Small cells are a new part of the 5G platform that increase network capacity and speed, while also having a lower deployment cost than macrocells. The compact size of a small cell requires that all components – especially power converters – provide high eficiency, better thermals and eventually the best power density possible.
Increasing the frequency increases the speed of sending/ receiving signals and helps shrink the size of the antenna, which in turn shrinks the size of the cell. Shorter wavelengths result in a decrease in signal penetration and radius, reinforcing the need for small cells. How do small cells fit into the 5G ecosystem?
When a mobile device is close to a small-cell base station, the power needed to transmit the signal is much lower compared to the power needed to transmit a signal from a cell tower far away, thus extending smartphone battery life.
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