Large batteries with grid-forming inverters can
Researchers recommended that transmission system operators consider adopting grid-forming battery energy storage systems
GFM Inverter is an inverter powered by renewable energy sources such as solar power or storage batteries. It can simulate the inertia typically provided by traditional thermal power generators. What makes GFM Inverter especially noteworthy is its ability to act as part of the power grid itself.
GFM controls work best in systems with energy storage. PV inverters without energy storage can operate in GFM, however in doing so, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is compromised to reserve power for frequency response applications, which reduces plant production.
Using inverters operating in GFM mode while grid connected has been demonstrated to enhance system stability with high penetrations of renewable resources. AES can provide direct access to the grid operator to change control setpoints for the regulation service as needed and at any time.
So GFL inverters just “plugged in and played.” GFM inverters can create their own voltage waveform, acting like a “virtual synchronous machine.” They can set frequency, provide inertia, and stabilize weak grids — exactly what's missing in high-renewables systems. They are more complex and costly (for now).
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