Smart Energy Solutions for 5G: Integrating Solar Power and
5G BTS solar-storage integration is no longer solely a technological upgrade but also a strategic enabler for attaining international carbon reduction goals and enhancing network resilience.
Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks.
Imtiaz et al. [ 118] proposed a hybrid PV/DG system design for a GSM BS. The HOMER simulation results show that 6 kW PV, 2 kW DG, and eight 200Ah batteries comprise the optimal combination of energy system components.
However, Asif et al. [ 119] identified 5 kW PV, 3 kW DG, and sixteen 225Ah batteries as the optimal combination for PV/DG system components; 1 kW WT, 3 kW DG, and twenty-four 225Ah batteries for WT/DG system components; and 5 kW PV, 5 kW WT, and 5 kW DG for PV/WT/DG system components.
Therefore, the use of solar-powered BSs is a cost-effective option for cellular network operators. In June 2016, the LG Uplus operator tested a solar-powered LTE BS with an energy storage system (batteries) that could operate between 24 h and 48 h even on cloudy days.
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